The dominant narrative of modern Japan's scientific journey has centered on the contributions of male scientists and male-only academic institutions. This project is an attempt to undo the erasure of women scientists and affirm their contributions to science in early twentieth-century Japan. Although the government was not active in promoting women’s higher education and training women scientists, ambitious women and their supporters created spaces where women could engage in scientific inquiry. By mapping these sites and naming the women scientists associated with them, this project demonstrates that women were part of the development of modern science in Japan.